Flow Assurance Technical Section

 View Only
  • 1.  Gas - Erosion Velocity And Pressure

    Posted 02-05-2016 02:10 AM
    Hi

    I would like to understand the basic correlation between ...

    Gas Arrival pressure at Onshore terminal, erosion velocity, production pressure and temperature ( from multiple wells connected to trunk line via manifold).

    How does the affect of terminal arrival pressure from mid to end of life is going to impact rest of parameters.

    Thanks
    Ravi

    ---------------------------------
    Ravi Addala
    Technical Sales Manager
    GE India Technology Pvt Ltd
    KakinadaAP
    ---------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Gas - Erosion Velocity And Pressure

    Posted 02-06-2016 08:16 AM

    Ravi,

    this ia loaded question. Although all the parameters are some how related responding to your question in a few line is very difficult. The arrival pressure and the line inlet temperature and pressure dictate the temperature and pressure profile in the line and consequently the state of the fluids in the line. Depending on the fluids composition the flow could be in single or multiphase which would determine whether there is a risk of erosion. With reduced pressure the gas tends to expand and the fluids velocity tends to increase. This together with the solid content are critical factors in determining the extent of erosion. 

    All in all the system needs to be looked at from various perspectives. 

    I hope this could have helped a little bit. 

    ------------------------------
    Majid Abedinzadegan Abdi
    Lead Engineer, Facilities and Process
    Husky Energy Inc
    St. John's



  • 3.  RE: Gas - Erosion Velocity And Pressure

    Posted 02-12-2016 10:32 AM

    Dear Ravi,

    Following up on Dr. Majid Abdi's nice explanation below, several key factors that play a role in erosion are:

    1. Single- or multi- phase flow in the facility (based on P,T, fluid composition)

    2. Solids type (hardness), size distribution, and concentration [usually the most uncertain measurements to get from field are solids concentration which directly affect erosion rates estimation]

    3. Tortuous flow paths in several piping component types (elbow, tee, sudden contraction/expansion, etc.), pipe material hardness, and diameter of flow path

    4. Velocity of solids (dependent on relative velocity of the fluids and particle size)

    5. Most of our industry-standard erosion correlations (for example, DNV-RP-0501) predicts erosion extent by +/- 100% even for single-phase carrier fluid STRICTLY for sand size > 150 microns (large sand particle). 

    6. Most of these correlations grossly under-predict erosion extent by fine sand particles (size < 100 microns); there are limited lab data and field anecdotal evidences that fine sand erosion is as appreciable as large particle erosion. 

    7. The topic of 'prediction of erosion in multiphase flows' is much at its infancy as of now. 

    8. API-14E is certainly NOT the criterion to use (it was originally developed with a good intention to provide some basic guidance -- rule of thumb -- in the absence of data or models).  In my personal opinion, it is being used and abused by our industry. 

    9. Apart from several seminal papers on wear/erosion in the last century, one of the few good (practical) references for you on the topic of erosion is: Erosion in Multiphase Production of Oil & Gas

    Onepetro remove preview
     
    Erosion in Multiphase Production of Oil & Gas
    ABSTRACT The ability to predict the rate of erosion in the multiphase production of oil and gas is important for sizing lines, analyzing failures, and limiting production rates. The commonly used API-RP-14E criterion is shown to be inadequate for two reasons: (i) in some cases, it gives a false sense of security, and (ii) in other cases, it unnecessarily limits production.
    View this on Onepetro >

    Thanks for initiating a discussion on this topic...

    Best wishes and regards...

    ------------------------------
    Hariprasad J. Subramani
    Flow Assurance Engineer
    Chevron Energy Technology Company
    HoustonTX



  • 4.  RE: Gas - Erosion Velocity And Pressure

    Posted 02-07-2016 02:09 PM

    Ravi,

    Erosion velocity is basically an empirical value based on the gas-liquid mixture density at the flowing temperature and pressure.

    Erosion velocity, Ve = c/(ρm)1/2

    where,

    c = empirical constant (100-250)

    ρm= gas-liquid mixture density at the flowing temperature and pressure 

    The assumption of 'c' makes a big difference to the erosion value. Most of the companies/operators consider the API value too conservative and have devised their own modifications to the constant based on their own experiences and field practices, 

    The density is a function of actual pressure, temperature and gas-liquid ratio. So, if you know the properties of the arriving fluid at mid to late-life of the field, you can easily calculate the erosion velocity. And if you are analysing this, you should do for the whole system including flow lines and not restrict yourself to the manifold.

    Please refer to API RP 14E the actual methodology of calculating the values and the value of 'c'.

    If I'm not mistaken, HYSYS has this functionality built-in to the system.

    Hope it helps.

    Sudeep

    ------------------------------
    Sudeep Roy
    Oil & Gas Professional
    Geneve



  • 5.  RE: Gas - Erosion Velocity And Pressure

    Posted 02-08-2016 12:41 AM

    Hi,

    As far as erosion velocity is concerned, in addition to gas composition there are two other major factors which play their part one is Flow Rate Qg and second is Pipeline Internal Dia.

    Terminal Arrival pressure will decrease from mid to end of life if compression is not added and flow rate from wells is maintained. If you are in design phase you must size you pipeline intelligently to avoid erosion problems and pressure losses in future.

    ------------------------------
    Yasir Mumtaz
    Islamabad