Well Integrity Technical Section

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Casing Clamp

  • 1.  Casing Clamp

    Posted 06-04-2022 01:29 AM
    Hello team, 

    It was observed that the heritage wells when are applied to working pressure 3000psi for performing acidizing job, the wellhead stack slipped down for (30 - 50)cm. So the casing clamp was used as a well integrity solution. 

    Is there any smart solution by using the new technology instead of the casing clamp that takes a time to build one for a well which resulted in NPT?

    Rgds,

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    Dhyaa Y.
    "This comment / post reflects a purely personal opinion and not that of the organization with which I am affiliated."
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  • 2.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 06-04-2022 08:30 AM
    Dhyaa



    What you have observed with the casing growth is most likely a thermal
    effect. With a long uncemented (or poorly bonded) section that acts as free
    pipe, when the frac operation is done with cold fluids, the casing must
    contract. The solution is either to fully cement the casing or to use
    heated fluids. Please note that, if left 'unclamped' the top of the casing
    will likely expand during production to a point above the original
    elevation. If 'clamped' than there will be large compressive forces in the
    casing that could possibly cause a connection failure or spiraled casing.







    Regards

    Olli Coker

    Manager

    Diamond C Enterprises LLC

    832-330-5066

    OlliC3@gmail.com




  • 3.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-07-2022 03:35 AM
    Olli,

    Could you please give some details related to use the option of "heated fluids"

    Regards

    ------------------------------
    Dhyaa Y.
    "This comment / post reflects a purely personal opinion and not that of the organization with which I am affiliated."
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  • 4.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-08-2022 12:10 AM
    Olli,
    if the fracking job is done in cycles every casing will fully debond from cement due to contraction expansion cycles. Heated fluids may help but will create problems at surface, and no one wants to debond the surface casing.
    my cement repository has shown that debonding between cement and casing is pretty weak and will happened most of the time.

    regards

    Catalin Teodoriu
    Professor, PD Dr.Dr-ing. habil
    Mewbourne Chair of Petroleum Engineering #6
    Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering
    100 E Boyd Street, Sarkeys Energy Center, 1210
    Norman, Oklahoma 73019-1003




  • 5.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-09-2022 01:21 PM
    I can remember in the late-70's, while working for Amoco in Denver, Amoco was experiencing a significant number of casing leaks in 7" casing following frac jobs.  The frac jobs were done down casing with ambient temperature base water.  This was in the Moxa Arch field (as I recall) in SW Wyoming.

    First, the district manager had concluded that P-110 casing was too brittle in cold/freezing weather to handle, and it would shatter and crystalize!  (WRONG) so they  were using a weight heavier N-80 casing.

    Using basically a Baker Tubing design catalog, I alanyzed the 32# N-80 and then designed a 29# P-110 casing.

    What was happening, the heavier walled casing would "contract" during the frac job due to the very cold frac fluid compared to the wellbore temperature.  The "lighter" P-110 casing could stand the extra tension because it was lighter and maybe due to less mass, didn't get as much contracting tension.  

    Anyway, with essentially the same API tension loading, the P110 worked great and the N-80 would fail in the casing threads (over the company safety factor tolerance.  The threads were still supporting the load but lost their gas tight connection ability.  

    PS:  This was before Phil Pattillo, Amoco Research Center, did his world class casing design work and company design program that changed the world for much of Amoco.  

    Doug White
    Sugar Land


  • 6.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-26-2022 03:17 AM
    Roger Doug, thanks!

    ------------------------------
    Dhyaa Y.
    "This comment / post reflects a purely personal opinion and not that of the organization with which I am affiliated."
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  • 7.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-26-2022 03:13 AM
    Thanks Catalin.

    ------------------------------
    Dhyaa Y.
    "This comment / post reflects a purely personal opinion and not that of the organization with which I am affiliated."
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-09-2022 08:56 AM
    Hi,
    Can you describe the heritage well situation? How old are we talking and what is the architecture?
    I've read through the previous replies and I think that we are missing some crucial information. When you are acidizing, do you pressure up the entire well or only a section? Are you acid-fracking or simply trying to squeeze away some acid? If this is an acid frac, what rate are you pumping? I assume you are not isolating the top of the well but you are going down the production casing rather than some sort of tubing and the pressure is applied below some sort of production packer? What depth are we talking about? Is this is vertical well with perforations or a long horizontal?
    If you're entire wellhead slipped down by some 50 cm, then you've got some issue. Pressure should make it grow, not contract. Your casings are very likely in tension when they were cemented in the first place and the outside bond to the formation has failed dragging the wellhead down. There might also be a case of surface/structural casing corrosion and the production and intermediate string relieve the tension by dragging down the surface casing. Fairly simple and common occurrence with surface casing. Have you checked the corrosion potential? This would be a good explanation for what happened. 
    The reason it happened during the acid job is that you changed the conditions and broke the final connection. There are several areas in the world where aquifers flowing past surface casing and erode them. Then one day, you find that you wellhead is held in place by the sideoutlet valves.
    Other than your clamp, I don't see much of a solution. You can build a standard clamp, or use a hydraulic jacking system that you clamp to the wellhead. This is an engineering study to figure out the initial conditions and then the additional loads. Also, depending on the answers to my other questions, is acid fracking really necessary? Can you stimulate another way? Frack through tubing and isolate the top of the well? Stimulate using a straddle packer arrangement? Is an acid wash and squeeze sufficient? Acid foam frack?
    Using a clamp to hold up the wellhead might be masking other more dangerous problems down the well.
    Happy to discuss more.

    Cheers,

    Matthias


  • 9.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-26-2022 04:56 AM

    Hello,
    The well situation was to acidize 50 meters of perforations, and the well was producer since 2000 and stopped at 2015. And the well architecture is surface 18 3/8", intermediate 13 5/8" and tapered production section as described above. The wellhead type is McEvoy 5k psi. 

    The pressure was applied over the entire well. And trying to squeeze couple of acid barrels and was 15% HCL.

    The well is vertical and perfs depth below 3000 mKB. 
    Yes, the entire wellhead slipped down.

    Unfortunately, due to availability of material and equipment, the acid job was only the job could proceed with at the current time>

    Due to it's a legacy well, so there was a corrosion, but the metal loss does not exceed the accept limit.

    Thanks for the valuable discussion! 





    ------------------------------
    Dhyaa Y.
    "This comment / post reflects a purely personal opinion and not that of the organization with which I am affiliated."
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  • 10.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 09-26-2022 08:39 AM
    Hey Dhyaa,

    I couldn't see any details regarding the production tubing string.
    Is the wellhead made up to the surface casing or only to the 13 5/8 in.? I could see the 18 3/8 in. surface casing eroded, everything is in tension. The you apply 3,000 psi upsetting the equilibrium that had built up over time. Surface casing gives way and it collapses. If your surface casing is 18 3/8 in., then you won't have a lot of steel for a 17 1/2 in. ID (drift), likely a 17.6xx in. ID. This makes for a rather thin casing to hold the weight of the well.
    This is all speculation but makes for a plausible story. If you want a complete and relevant analysis, you'd have to provide the well design, EOWR, cement top and type, casing details, formation details and any aquifers, CBL/SBT/USIT logs, etc.
    Is there any pressure on the A- and B-annuli when you put 3,000 psi on the tubing? How do you get the acid down? Is there a sliding sleeve or something that you use to pump the acid as close to the formation as possible? The worry is that you may pressure up the entire well, not just the tubing. Have you tried pumping down the 13 5/8 x 18 3/8 in. annulus? Or putting any pressure on it to check its integrity? Have you checked any of the annuli for integrity? I am just fishing for more clues.
    Overall, I don't think the clamp is your solution, at least, until you fully understand what's happening. 
    You're doing an acid squeeze, not a frac hence you're not pumping huge volumes that could cool down the entire well causing this contraction.
    Anyway, I think this is about all this forum can help with. The next step is an engineering report/investigation.
    All the best,
    Matthias


  • 11.  RE: Casing Clamp

    Posted 01-15-2023 03:14 AM
    Matthias,

    We were doing acidizing job with working string consist of (2 7/8" tubing (25 jts) & 3 1/2"  (around 1500meters)). 

    There was no pressure on the A- and B-annuli. The acid job was perfumed down the working string while the annuli's are closed from the casing valves.
    No we did not try to pump down the 13 5/8 x 18 3/8 in.

    The solution was the clamp and the job was done successfully>

    Thanks Matthias



    ------------------------------
    Dhyaa Y.
    "This comment / post reflects a purely personal opinion and not that of the organization with which I am affiliated."
    ------------------------------