Well Integrity Technical Section

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  • 1.  Leak Rate Criteria for Tubing and Annulus Testing

    Posted 04-07-2014 03:02 AM
    Hi All,

    I like to know the acceptable leak rate criteria for testing tubing or annulus. Due to possible downhole plug leaks most of the times we don't get good (100%) pressure test in tubing. It leaks 20-30 Psi/hour and the same is true for annulus-1 testing. Is there any standard saying to accept this leak rate?



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    NASIR ARIJO
    Senior Petroleum Engineer
    Qatar Petroleum
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  • 2.  RE:Leak Rate Criteria for Tubing and Annulus Testing

    Posted 04-08-2014 07:42 AM

    Nasir,

    According to many regulatory requirements and company policies, that acceptable leak rate for any barrier element is zero. Tubing definitely falls into that category. However, these policies also have practical elements in their test practices to account for trapped air, fluid expansion, etc. Generally pressure drops of 2-5% from the original test pressure are acceptable as long as this pressure levels off after a period of time, normally around 10 minutes. If the pressure continues to drop then the leak rate is not acceptable.

    I hope this answers your question.
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    Keith Romaine
    Consulting Partner
    Halliburton Consulting & Project Management
    Sugar LandTX
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  • 3.  RE: Leak Rate Criteria for Tubing and Annulus Testing

    Posted 06-06-2014 06:42 AM
    Nasir,

    The allowable leak rate is a function of the criticality of the test.  The more critical the test, and the higher the consequences as a result of a bad test, determines how much confidence you need to have in your barriers.  This makes the test criteria a variable that depends on the purpose of the test itself.

    Due to large volume, compressibility of fluids, entrapped air, wellbore fluid heating/cooling, etc a perfect straight line test is rarely accomplished in a well.  For a tree, a small volume test, a straight line test proves that you have good isolation and is expected.

    If the test is just to confirm that a bottom plug has been set before cement is placed on top of it to isolate a zone, then a short test with a high leak rate may be OK.  A test with a 2-5% drop after 10 minutes may be OK.  Some regulations allow a deep set cement liner to have a 10% pressure loss in 30 minutes.

    If the test is to confirm the bottom plug is providing complete isolation, before removing a tree for example, then a very good test, with a small leak rate over a long time, would be expected.  In this case, there will be people exposed to any sudden release and a chance wellbore fluid could be released to the environment...e.g. high consequences.  In this case, a 1% drop every 10 min over a 30 min test, might be OK.  And if the plugs are leaking then rerun the test with new plugs rather than accept a poor quality test. 

    For a new completion, with clean brine in the tubing, this criteria should not be a problem.  I would certainly use this type of criteria as the integrity test for a Sour Gas well before I brought the well on production.  But, this might be too low a leak rate for a well with complicated fluid system (water, oil, mud, etc) and a 2-3% drop per 10 min over 30 min a more suitable criteria.

    For a production annulus and packer, with typically a clean water based packer fluid, I would expect a 1% every 10 min test, over 30 minutes, to be passed with ease.  If the packer does not pass that test I would be concerned about the integrity of my barrier system and would retest.

    In my examples, the test criteria of 1% per 10 min for a 30 min test is just an example...not a recommendation.  You need to look at the critical tests your team is performing and establish an acceptable leak to minimize the risk to your operation.  A shallow plug to allow tree removal may be different from a deep plug just required to set a packer. 

    I hope this helps. Please let me know if you have any questions.   

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    Dan Gibson
    TheWellDoctor
    Completion / Well Integrity Advisor
    Gibson Petroleum Consultants
    FulshearTX
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