Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization & Sequestration Technical Section

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Hi Sahir,

Think about a corrosion triangle of CO2, water, and carbon steel: you can only have two. The main issue with water is that you can have flow back whenever injection stops, which will start water circulation at the bottom of your well. If you can actively and reliably control this inflow, then carbon steel can be a solution.
A second scenario is loss of integrity in your completion and CO2 bubbling into the A annulus.

As for the hydraulic model, you are always injecting above critical pressure (1090 psi or thereabouts) so CO2 is in its dense phase at the wellhead. Unless friction losses are large, much larger than the hydrostatic head, you should have dense phase along the whole tubing. Can you plot density vs. depth?
However, this is true for pure CO2: contaminants complicate the picture and shift dense phase conditions towards higher pressures. Which brings us to the point that CO2 equations of state (EoS) used in simulation software may not be too accurate.
Is PVT data necessary? Not if your CO2 stream is almost pure. But you need to ensure that the right EoS and transport properties (viscosity and thermal conductivity) are used in your models.

Best regards,

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Hi Sahir - Every CCS campaign is different based on composition of captured CO2, type of reservoir, conditioning of CO2 prior to injection, costs involved, permitting and well classification regulations of the territory and corrossion prediction due to impurities and batch injection scenarios. Phase change and Joule thomson effect is being considered. 
I would highly recommend having a consultant onboard. Let me know if you need help. Meeting them next week in University of Houston at CCUS-2023. 

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Oumer - You are correct, every CCS campaign is different. I will also be attending the University of Houston CCUS-2023 and would be good to touch base. As part of our Harbour Energy CCS development started in 2021 we have incorporated a CO2 EOS that can handle impurities for CCUS applications into our transient thermal tubular stress analysis model (PERIFOR)

Hi Sahir - Every CCS campaign is different based on composition of captured CO2, type of reservoir, conditioning of CO2 prior to injection, costs involved, permitting and well classification regulations of the territory and corrossion prediction due to impurities and batch injection scenarios. Phase change and Joule thomson effect is being considered. 
I would highly recommend having a consultant onboard. Let me know if you need help. Meeting them next week in University of Houston at CCUS-2023. 

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Oumer - You are correct, every CCS campaign is different. I will also be attending the University of Houston CCUS-2023 and would be good to touch base. As part of our Harbour Energy CCS development started in 2021 we have incorporated a CO2 EOS that can handle impurities for CCUS applications into our transient thermal tubular stress analysis model (PERIFOR)

Hi Sahir - Every CCS campaign is different based on composition of captured CO2, type of reservoir, conditioning of CO2 prior to injection, costs involved, permitting and well classification regulations of the territory and corrossion prediction due to impurities and batch injection scenarios. Phase change and Joule thomson effect is being considered. 
I would highly recommend having a consultant onboard. Let me know if you need help. Meeting them next week in University of Houston at CCUS-2023. 

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Hi Sahir - Every CCS campaign is different based on composition of captured CO2, type of reservoir, conditioning of CO2 prior to injection, costs involved, permitting and well classification regulations of the territory and corrossion prediction due to impurities and batch injection scenarios. Phase change and Joule thomson effect is being considered. 
I would highly recommend having a consultant onboard. Let me know if you need help. Meeting them next week in University of Houston at CCUS-2023. 

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

At the wellhead injection pressures you referenced there could be significant changes in CO2 density at temperatures above 25 deg C

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

large changes in CO2 density will have a significant effect on the results of nodal analysis

At the wellhead injection pressures you referenced there could be significant changes in CO2 density at temperatures above 25 deg C

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

large changes in CO2 density will have a significant effect on the results of nodal analysis

At the wellhead injection pressures you referenced there could be significant changes in CO2 density at temperatures above 25 deg C

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

large changes in CO2 density will have a significant effect on the results of nodal analysis

At the wellhead injection pressures you referenced there could be significant changes in CO2 density at temperatures above 25 deg C

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

In your earlier questions you asked whether carbon steel can be used for the dehydrated CO2. We are involved with at least 12 CCS injection projects from a metallurgy and corrosion standpoint and the answer is yes for those components not exposed to the saline aquifer. Assuming you have great confidence you can consistently maintain water free injection. In cases where water drops out as a free liquid the pH will be 3 and corrosion of steel will be very high. For casing, tubing, packers, etc, exposed to the saline reservoir a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) is needed and the choice requires careful analysis of the specific impurities in the CO2 and the water compostion of the aquifer. We have performed labortory corrosion tests and many CRAs are unsuitable, especially 13Cr. Therefore engage a metallurgy/corrosion expert early because the costs of such completions can be quite high. 

large changes in CO2 density will have a significant effect on the results of nodal analysis

At the wellhead injection pressures you referenced there could be significant changes in CO2 density at temperatures above 25 deg C

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

HI Sahir - Matteo Loizzo is absolutely correct: in modelling CO2 in the wellbore the choice of EOS is critical. The challenge is knowing which, if any, of those available in commercial software is the best for your stream. Phase change (in the model you've used) is one possible explanation for the sensitivity of gas rate to pressure. If you can generate the phase envelope being used by your model (and if you can't, you have a black box!) you can compare this with a standard for pure CO2 (or your own PVT for an industrial stream).

Our experience is that IF the fluid remains in the dense phase as Matteo suggests current models are OK. But if you move out of this phase (for example, stopping injection into a depleted reservoir) the effect on temperature in the wellbore may be very significant. 

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Hi, I notice on another thread it is mentioned that EOR can not be considered as part of SMRS - can you comment please?

• SMRS (Storage Resource Management System) is only applicable to Brine or depleted reservoirs and hence EOR using CO2 is not considered part of this SMRS classification.

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir

just adding to Joop's response (I am also not a WE myself). The presence of impurities in the CO2 (e.g. nitrogen, methane, hydrogen, others) can have a very large impact on the phase envelop even when the amount of impurity is very small. This is important when considering potential phase changes or multi-phase flow in well and pipeline.

As you mention Utilisation, i.e. CCUS and may be considering EOR, then those impurities will also affect miscibility (in the reservoir).

A search on OnePetro will direct you to dozens of papers in the last 2-3 years.

All the best!

Suzanne

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Designing a CO2 injection well and its tubular metallurgy requires several key considerations before any planning or SCM is initiated. 

1. Reservoir properties: Knowledge of reservoir properties is essential to determine the depth, pressure, and temperature range for well design. Important factors to consider include the rock lithology, porosity, permeability, rock compressibility and pressures.

2. Well casing: Stainless steel or carbon steel casing can be used in CO2 injection wells, but stainless steel is recommended due to its better resistance to corrosive environments and long time savings. The casing size should be selected based on the pressure and temperature conditions of the reservoir.

3. Cementing: High-quality cementing is required for at-least last two casings,  the casing string to be protected from any potential  CO2 gas leaks behind the casing and to avoid the well from potential CO2 leaks in long time operations.The cement slurry should be designed with additives that improve bonding, prevent gas migration, and resist high-pressure environments.

4. Tubing: The selection of tubing for CO2 injection will depend on the CO2 concentration and pressure conditions. Generally, nickel-chromium alloys are recommended for high CO2 concentrations, while carbon steel is suitable for lower CO2 concentrations.

5. Couplings and fittings: Corrosion-resistant couplings and fittings are essential for preventing CO2 leaks. Materials such as nickel-based alloys are recommended for corrosive environments. 

6. Corrosion protection: Several corrosion protection strategies can be used to safeguard against CO2-induced corrosion, including coatings, anodic and cathodic protection, and corrosion inhibitors.

Overall, designing a CO2 injection well and its tubular metallurgy requires a thorough understanding of the reservoir properties of the existing producing wells where gas containing CO2 which is being separated through Amine processing units, the processed gas containing CO2 its compositional analysis and selection of materials that can withstand the corrosive environments associated with CO2 injection. Proper well construction and maintenance are essential to ensure long-term well integrity and successful CO2 injection operations.

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Dear Sahir,
I'm not a well engineer, but maybe I can share a few things that may be of help:
With the well design also keep in mind the abandonment
Depending on the source of CO2, different contaminations can be present that can be corrosive by themselves or can cause a dropout of water (which can cause a corrosive liquid)
Are you injecting in an aquifer, depleted gas reservoir, oil reservoir? Phase behaviour can play an important role and has a significant impact on the temperature, especially if you go through the 2-phase region (liquid+vapour). For example, we are also looking at the possibility of freezing of annular fluids, hydrates, thermal fracturing, etc.
The well design can have a significant impact on the operating envelope of your well, so this is another important consideration.
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Joop

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,

Good day all,

We are designing well completion for the CCUS project which is the first of its kind in the country/ company. Recommendations are appreciated on the areas which need to be addressed. A few questions are:

Can well be completed with Carbon Steel, in case there is no moisture (dehydrated gas)
How vital is PVT data, although it is, if not available what can be done

The wellbore hydraulic model was created and a significant increase was noticed in the gas rate with a 100 psi increase in the injection pressure. What could be the possible reason? Phase changes??

Tubing Size                    Injection Pressure (Psi)                             Injection Rate (MMscfd)
    3-1/2"                                     1400                                                                   4
    3-1/2"                                     1500                                                                   12
    3-1/2"                                     1600                                                                   19

What other considerations are important for designing the well completion for CCUS.

Regards,