Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization & Sequestration Technical Section

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

1. Yes, it is possible to achieve miscibility between CO₂ and a heavy oil at a temperature higher than the critical temperature (T_c) of CO₂. In fact, miscibility is more likely to develop if the temperature is somewhat higher than the T_c of CO2 (31°C/87.9°F). At temperatures approaching (or lower than) the T_c of CO₂, a liquid-liquid split can develop which will persist no matter how much the pressure is increased.

2. SPE paper 15599 (Lindeloff et al., "Investigating miscibility behavior of CO₂ rich hydrocarbon systems - with application to gas injection EOR", 2013) has an example of CO₂ miscibility with a relatively heavy oil and another example of CO₂ immiscibility.

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

1. Yes, it is possible to achieve miscibility between CO₂ and a heavy oil at a temperature higher than the critical temperature (T_c) of CO₂. In fact, miscibility is more likely to develop if the temperature is somewhat higher than the T_c of CO2 (31°C/87.9°F). At temperatures approaching (or lower than) the T_c of CO₂, a liquid-liquid split can develop which will persist no matter how much the pressure is increased.

2. SPE paper 15599 (Lindeloff et al., "Investigating miscibility behavior of CO₂ rich hydrocarbon systems - with application to gas injection EOR", 2013) has an example of CO₂ miscibility with a relatively heavy oil and another example of CO₂ immiscibility.

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

1. Yes, it is possible to achieve miscibility between CO₂ and a heavy oil at a temperature higher than the critical temperature (T_c) of CO₂. In fact, miscibility is more likely to develop if the temperature is somewhat higher than the T_c of CO2 (31°C/87.9°F). At temperatures approaching (or lower than) the T_c of CO₂, a liquid-liquid split can develop which will persist no matter how much the pressure is increased.

2. SPE paper 15599 (Lindeloff et al., "Investigating miscibility behavior of CO₂ rich hydrocarbon systems - with application to gas injection EOR", 2013) has an example of CO₂ miscibility with a relatively heavy oil and another example of CO₂ immiscibility.

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

CO2 Injection into Heavy Oils isn't new. CO2 Pilot Injection into Heavy Oils was conducted in the Wilmington field in California during the period from 1981 to 1986 in three pilots. The Pilot programs injected CO2 into 14 API Gravity Crude with Formation depth 2500 ft, Reservoir Pressure of 1,000 psi and Reservoir Temperature of 123 F degrees, way below Minimum Miscibility Pressure. The CO2 didn't blow through the formation with Oil Rate Increasing from the Champlain Pilot rose from 47 BOPD To 200 BOPD. The FB five pilot Oil Production increased from 1150 BOPD to 1550 BOPD. The THUMS unit in Long Beach Harbor has GOOD CO2 Potential. However, it's located in California and will never be CO2 flooded. There are other Heavy Oil projects along with both Un-conventional and Conventional CO2/EOR projects located around the World that have been analyzed by Merchant Consulting. More can be found out on my website at www.CO2StorageSolutions.com or email me at merchantconsulting@comcast.net

1. Yes, it is possible to achieve miscibility between CO₂ and a heavy oil at a temperature higher than the critical temperature (T_c) of CO₂. In fact, miscibility is more likely to develop if the temperature is somewhat higher than the T_c of CO2 (31°C/87.9°F). At temperatures approaching (or lower than) the T_c of CO₂, a liquid-liquid split can develop which will persist no matter how much the pressure is increased.

2. SPE paper 15599 (Lindeloff et al., "Investigating miscibility behavior of CO₂ rich hydrocarbon systems - with application to gas injection EOR", 2013) has an example of CO₂ miscibility with a relatively heavy oil and another example of CO₂ immiscibility.

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

Hello Mr David,

I assume limited CO2 Supply could have been a reason for not execution of CO2 flooding project in those potential heavy oil reservoirs in California.

I'd like to note your views on Polymer Alternate Gas led Improved heavy oil recovery that includes limited supply of CO2 compared to continuous Injection.

Also, What's heavy oil fields response over Asphaltene Flocculation & Deposition, often recorded in producing wells.

Thanks & Regards

Uttam Gupta

CO2 Injection into Heavy Oils isn't new. CO2 Pilot Injection into Heavy Oils was conducted in the Wilmington field in California during the period from 1981 to 1986 in three pilots. The Pilot programs injected CO2 into 14 API Gravity Crude with Formation depth 2500 ft, Reservoir Pressure of 1,000 psi and Reservoir Temperature of 123 F degrees, way below Minimum Miscibility Pressure. The CO2 didn't blow through the formation with Oil Rate Increasing from the Champlain Pilot rose from 47 BOPD To 200 BOPD. The FB five pilot Oil Production increased from 1150 BOPD to 1550 BOPD. The THUMS unit in Long Beach Harbor has GOOD CO2 Potential. However, it's located in California and will never be CO2 flooded. There are other Heavy Oil projects along with both Un-conventional and Conventional CO2/EOR projects located around the World that have been analyzed by Merchant Consulting. More can be found out on my website at www.CO2StorageSolutions.com or email me at merchantconsulting@comcast.net

1. Yes, it is possible to achieve miscibility between CO₂ and a heavy oil at a temperature higher than the critical temperature (T_c) of CO₂. In fact, miscibility is more likely to develop if the temperature is somewhat higher than the T_c of CO2 (31°C/87.9°F). At temperatures approaching (or lower than) the T_c of CO₂, a liquid-liquid split can develop which will persist no matter how much the pressure is increased.

2. SPE paper 15599 (Lindeloff et al., "Investigating miscibility behavior of CO₂ rich hydrocarbon systems - with application to gas injection EOR", 2013) has an example of CO₂ miscibility with a relatively heavy oil and another example of CO₂ immiscibility.

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

Hello Mr David,

I assume limited CO2 Supply could have been a reason for not execution of CO2 flooding project in those potential heavy oil reservoirs in California.

I'd like to note your views on Polymer Alternate Gas led Improved heavy oil recovery that includes limited supply of CO2 compared to continuous Injection.

Also, What's heavy oil fields response over Asphaltene Flocculation & Deposition, often recorded in producing wells.

Thanks & Regards

Uttam Gupta

CO2 Injection into Heavy Oils isn't new. CO2 Pilot Injection into Heavy Oils was conducted in the Wilmington field in California during the period from 1981 to 1986 in three pilots. The Pilot programs injected CO2 into 14 API Gravity Crude with Formation depth 2500 ft, Reservoir Pressure of 1,000 psi and Reservoir Temperature of 123 F degrees, way below Minimum Miscibility Pressure. The CO2 didn't blow through the formation with Oil Rate Increasing from the Champlain Pilot rose from 47 BOPD To 200 BOPD. The FB five pilot Oil Production increased from 1150 BOPD to 1550 BOPD. The THUMS unit in Long Beach Harbor has GOOD CO2 Potential. However, it's located in California and will never be CO2 flooded. There are other Heavy Oil projects along with both Un-conventional and Conventional CO2/EOR projects located around the World that have been analyzed by Merchant Consulting. More can be found out on my website at www.CO2StorageSolutions.com or email me at merchantconsulting@comcast.net

1. Yes, it is possible to achieve miscibility between CO₂ and a heavy oil at a temperature higher than the critical temperature (T_c) of CO₂. In fact, miscibility is more likely to develop if the temperature is somewhat higher than the T_c of CO2 (31°C/87.9°F). At temperatures approaching (or lower than) the T_c of CO₂, a liquid-liquid split can develop which will persist no matter how much the pressure is increased.

2. SPE paper 15599 (Lindeloff et al., "Investigating miscibility behavior of CO₂ rich hydrocarbon systems - with application to gas injection EOR", 2013) has an example of CO₂ miscibility with a relatively heavy oil and another example of CO₂ immiscibility.

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards

1. Can miscibility between oil and CO2 be only achieved above supercritical Conditions of Co2 or it can either be attained with High Pressure CO2 liquids (below Supercritical conditions)
2. Are there cases of CO2 injection into Heavy oil reservoirs to attain miscibility at Reservoir P & T ?

Thanks & Regards