Introduction
Logging While Drilling (LWD) tools are at the forefront of modern oil and gas exploration, enabling real-time formation evaluation, geosteering, and downhole telemetry during drilling operations. These sophisticated instruments rely heavily on embedded electronics and printed circuit boards (PCBs) to perform critical measurements such as resistivity, gamma ray, neutron porosity, and directional drilling data. However, the extreme downhole environment presents numerous challenges to PCB reliability, longevity, and performance. As the industry moves toward deeper, hotter, and more complex wells, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a powerful ...